Thousands of aspirants preparing for competitive exams and struggle with one subtle yet critical area: understanding the difference between clauses and phrases. While both are building blocks of sentences, comprehension, and writing tasks - costing valuable marks. So what exactly sets them apart?
Difference Between Clause and Phrase:
A phrase and a clause are both essential components for sentence formation, but they differ in their composition and function. A phrase is a group of words that work together as a unit but do not
have a subject-verb pairing. For example, "in the morning " or "before the meal" are phrases; they provide additional information but cannot stand alone as sentences. On the other hand,
a clause contains both a subject and a verb, forming a complete thought or part of a thought.
Many exam questions ask students to distinguish between clauses and phrases. A short comparison section would add value. A clause contains a subject and a verb, while a phrase does not.
Clauses can be independent, capable of standing alone as sentences, such as "They laughed," or dependent, requires additional information to form a complete sentence, like "becauseshe was tired." Understanding the distinction between phrases and clauses is crucial for constructing clear and effective sentences.
Clauses for SSC Exams:
Remember the key difference:
Clause: has subject + Verb
Phrase: lacks subject + verb pair
Quick Trick for Exams:
Clause = Subject + Verb
The boys play badminton. Clause
Playing outdoor games in the park. Phrase
Because he was happy. Clause
in the sky. Phrase
Formula:
Clause = Subject + Verb
Phrase= No Subject - Verb Combination
This is the easiest way to identify them in SSC, Banking, CDS, NDA and other
competitive exams.
Always identify the subject and verb first - this separates clauses and phrases and helps
you classify them accurately.
Let's explore what you'll learn in this article:
What is a clause?
Types of clauses.
Dependent clause & its types
Noun clause
Adjective clause
Adverb clause
A clause is a fundamental building block of a sentence, consisting of a group of words that
contain a subject and a predicate.
Types of Clauses:
Clauses can be divided into two main parts:
Independent
Dependent clauses
An independent clause, also known as a main clause, can stand alone as a complete sentence
because it expresses a complete thought. For example, "My friend watched this video multiple times." is an independent clause. It has a subject ("My friend") and a predicate "watched this video multiple times."), and it conveys a complete idea.
Another example of independent clause
He opened the window.
An independent clause contains a subject and a verb:
A subject: He
A verb: opened
"He opened" makes sense on its own.
Key Features:
Contains a subject and a finite verb.
Expresses a complete thought.
Can function as a standalone sentence.
When two independent clauses are joined, they form a compound sentence,
generally using coordinating conjunctions like and, but, or.
Independent Clause Examples:
1. She studied hard and passed.
Here two independent clauses are joined with a coordinating conjunction. " She studied hard "
and "passed" are both independent ideas joined by "and".
2. I wanted to go for a walk, but it started raining.
On the other hand, a dependent clause, also known as a subordinate clause, cannot stand alone as a complete sentence because it does not express a complete thought. It needs to be connected to an independent clause to make sense. For example, "although it was raining" is a dependent clause. It has a subject ("it") and a predicate ("was raining"), but it leaves the reader wondering what happened despite the rain. When combined with an independent clause, such as in "We went for a walk, although it was raining," it forms a complete sentence that conveys a full idea.
Another example of dependent clause:
I will call you when she arrives.
This example is an example of dependent (subordinate) adverb clause - it cannot stand alone.
The main clause is," I will call you".
In English grammar, there are two main types of clauses:
Independent clauses
Dependent (or subordinate) clauses.
An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a predicate and can stand alone as a complete sentence. For example, "The sun set behind the mountains" is an independent clause because it conveys a complete thought.
Dependent Clause & Its Types
A dependent clause, on the other hand, also contains a subject and a predicate but cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. It relies on an independent clause to give it meaning. Dependent
For example, in the sentence "When the sun set behind the mountains, the sky turned orange," the clause "When the sun set behind the mountains" is a dependent clause because it does not form a complete thought on its own.
Dependent clauses can be further categorized into noun clauses, adjective clauses, and adverbial clauses, each serving different functions in a sentence. For instance, "I believe that honesty is important" contains a noun clause ("that honesty is important") functioning as the object of the verb "believe." Understanding these clauses is essential for constructing complex and varied sentences in English.
Noun Clause:
A noun clause is a type of subordinate clause that functions as a noun within a sentence. It can act as a subject, object, or complement, and it typically begins with words such as "that," "what," "who," "whom," "whose," "which," "when," "where," "why," or "how."
Noun clauses are essential because they provide additional information and depth to sentences, allowing for more complex and nuanced expression.
Noun Clause Examples:
For example, consider the sentence: “What she said surprised everyone.” Here, “What she said” is a noun clause functioning as the subject of the sentence. It tells us what specifically surprised everyone.
In another example: “I don’t know why he left early.” The noun clause “why he left early” acts as the object of the verb “know.” It provides the information about what the speaker doesn't know.
Lastly, in the sentence “The problem is that we don’t have enough time,” the noun clause “that we don’t have enough time” serves as a complement to the subject “The problem,” explaining what the problem is.
By understanding and identifying noun clauses, you can enhance your comprehension and construction of complex sentences, adding depth and detail to your writing and communication.
Adjective Clause:
An adjective clause, also known as a relative clause, is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb, and it provides more information about a noun in a sentence. It functions similarly to an adjective by describing or modifying the noun it follows. Adjective clauses are introduced by relative pronouns such as "who," "whom," "whose," "which," and "that," or by relative adverbs like "where," "when," and "why."
For example, consider the sentence: "The book that I borrowed from the library was fascinating." In this case, "that I borrowed from the library" is the adjective clause. It gives more information about the noun "book."
Another examples of Adjective Clause:
This is the pen that I bought yesterday.
The book that I read was interesting.
This is an adjective clause (also known as relative clause) because it modifies the noun "the book"
and begins with the relative pronoun "that". It provides more information about the book.
The boy who won the first prize is my neighbor.
The girl who won the award is my sister.
(It modifies the noun (girl) begins with the relative pronoun(who)
Grammatical Rules:
Relative Pronouns: The choice of relative pronoun depends on the noun being modified.
"Who" and "whom" refer to people, "which" refers to animals and things, and "that" can refer to people, animals, or things, depending on the context.
For example:
"The man who called you is my uncle." (modifies "man")
"The car, which is red, belongs to my neighbor." (modifies "car")
Essential vs. Non-Essential Clauses:
Adjective clauses can be either essential (restrictive) or non-essential (non-restrictive).
My cousin, who lives in Delhi, visited last month.
It is an example of non - restrictive clause as it adds extra information and is set off by commas.
It does not define the noun but adds detail. Removing it doesn't change the core meaning.
An essential clause is crucial to the meaning of the sentence and is not set off by commas.
A non-essential clause adds extra information and is separated by commas. For example:
Essential: "The students who study hard will succeed." (The clause is essential to identify which students.)
Non-Essential: "My brother, who lives in New York, is visiting us."
(The clause adds extra information.)
Omission of the Relative Pronoun: In some cases, the relative pronoun can be omitted when it is the object of the clause. For example:
"The movie (that) we watched last night was thrilling." (The word "that" can be omitted.)
Understanding adjective clauses enhances the clarity and detail of writing by providing specific descriptions and additional information about the nouns they modify. This helps readers gain a
better understanding of the subjects discussed.
Adverb Clause:
An adverb clause, also known as an adverbial clause, is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb. This means it modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb in the main clause.
Adverb clauses provide additional information about how, when, where, why, to what extent, or under what conditions the action of the main clause occurs. They begin with subordinating conjunctions such as “because” “although,” “if,” “when,” “while” “since” “unless” “as,” and “after.”
Adverb Clause Examples:
Examples and Explanation:
Time: “We will start the program when everyone arrives.”
Explanation: The adverb clause “when everyone arrives” tells us the time when the program will start. The subordinating conjunction “when” introduces the clause.
Cause: “She was happy because she passed the SSC CGL exam.”
Explanation: Here, “because she passed the SSC CGL exam” is the adverb clause explaining
the reason or cause of her happiness. The word “because” introduces the clause.
Condition: “If it rains, the match will be canceled.”
Explanation: The clause “if it rains” sets a condition for the cancellation of the match. The subordinating conjunction “if” indicates the conditional relationship.
Contrast: “Although it was cold, we went out for a walk.”
Explanation: “Although it was cold” is an adverb clause that contrasts with the main action of going for a walk. “Although” introduces the contrast.
Purpose: I stayed home so that I could finish my project.
Explanation: ' so that I could finish my project.' this clause answers why the person stayed
home - it explains the purpose. It is introduced by ' so that ' a subordinating conjunction, making
it an adverb clause of purpose.
Grammatical Rules:
An adverb clause must always be connected to an independent clause to form a complete sentence.
The subordinating conjunction is crucial as it connects the adverb clause to the main clause.
If the adverb clause comes before the main clause, it is usually followed by a comma. However, if it follows the main clause, a comma is typically not needed:
Understanding adverb clauses enhances sentence complexity and clarity, allowing for more nuanced and detailed expression.
Here are eight "spot the error" questions focused on clauses and their types, along with answers:
Question 1:
Which part of the sentence contains an error?
"The story book what you gave me was fascinating."
A) The story book
B) what
C) you gave me
D) was fascinating
Answer: B) what
Explanation: The relative pronoun "what" is incorrect here. It should be replaced with "that" or
"which" because they are used for defining relative clauses to refer to things.
Question 2:
Identify the error in the sentence:
"I will inform you when I reach at the station."
A) I will inform you
B) when
C) I will reach
D) at the station
Answer: C) I will reach
Rule Explanation: In adverbial clauses of time, the simple present tense is used instead
of the future tense. Therefore, it should be "when I reach."
Question 3:
Spot the error in the sentence:
"Jaya sings better than anyone I know does."
A) Jaya sings
B) better than
C) anyone I know
D) does
Answer: D) does
Explanation: In comparative clauses, the auxiliary verb is often omitted if it is the
same as the main verb in the main clause. The sentence should end with "anyone I know."
Question 4:
Find the mistake in the sentence:
"Although she is rich, but she is very selfish."
A) Although
B) she is rich
C) but
D) she is very selfish
Answer: C) but
Explanation: "Although" and "but" should not be used together in the same sentence to
connect clauses. One of them should be removed: "Although she is rich, she is very selfish."
Question 5:
Where is the error?
"The reason why he left is because he was exhausted."
A) The reason
B) why he left
C) is because
D) he was exhausted
Answer: C) is because
Explanation: The phrase "the reason why" should not be followed by "is because." Instead, use "is that": "The reason why he left is that he was exhausted."
Question 6:
Identify the error:
"If he would have known, he would have acted differently."
A) If
B) he would have known
C) he would have acted
D) differently
Answer: B) he would have known
Explanation: In conditional sentences, the past perfect is used in the if-clause. It should be
"If he had known."
Question 7:
Spot the error:
"Wherever you go and whatever you do, always remember me."
A) Wherever you go
B) and whatever you do
C) always
D) remember me
Answer: No error
Explanation: This sentence is correct. Both "wherever" and "whatever" are used properly in their respective clauses, showing no grammatical error.
Question 8:
Identify the error:
"He is the only one of my cousins who have a car."
A) He is
B) the only one
C) of my cousins
D) who have
Answer: D) who have
Explanation: The relative pronoun "who" refers to "the only one," which is singular. Therefore, "have" should "has" "who has a car."
Here are six multiple-choice questions (MCQs) along with answers:
Which of the following is an example of an independent clause?
A) Because it was raining
B) Although she was tired
C) She went to the library
D) If he calls
Answer: C) She went to the library
Explanation : An independent clause can stand alone as a complete sentence because it contains a subject and a predicate. "She went to the library " is a complete thought, whereas the other options are dependent clauses that require additional information to form a complete sentence.
Identify the type of clause in the sentence:
"When the bell rang, the professor left the classroom."
A) Adjective clause
B) Noun clause
C) Adverbial clause
D) Independent clause
Answer: C) Adverbial clause
Explanation : The clause "When the bell rang" is an adverbial clause because it modifies the verb "left" by indicating the time of the action. Adverbial clauses typically begin with subordinating conjunctions such as "when," "because," or "since."
Which sentence contains a noun clause?
A) She knows what he eats.
B) The book that she borrowed was interesting.
C) If you see him, tell him I called.
D) The cat slept on the mat.
Answer: A) She knows what he eats.
Explanation: A noun clause functions as a noun within a sentence. In "She knows what he eats," the clause "what he eats" serves as the object of the verb "knows," thereby functioning as a noun.
Select the sentence that contains a relative clause.
A) I went to bed early.
B) The man who called you is my uncle.
C) Unless it rains, we will go hiking.
D) After she finished her homework, she watched TV.
Answer: B) The woman who called you is my aunt.
Explanation : A relative clause, also known as an adjective clause, modifies a noun and often begins with a relative pronoun such as "who," "which," or "that." In this sentence, "who called you" modifies the noun "woman."
In the sentence "Although it was late, we continued working,"
what type of clause is "Although it was late"?
A) Independent clause
B) Adjective clause
C) Adverbial clause
D) Noun clause
Answer: C) Adverbial clause
Explanation : "Although it was late" is an adverbial clause as it provides a contrast to the main clause "we continued working." It begins with the subordinating conjunction "although," which is typical for adverbial clauses that express contrast or concession.
Which of the following is not a feature of a dependent clause?
A) It can stand alone as a sentence.
B) It has a subject and a verb.
C) It requires a main clause to complete its meaning.
D) It functions as part of a sentence.
Answer: A) It can stand alone as a sentence.
Explanation : A dependent clause cannot stand alone as a sentence because it does not express a complete thought. While it does have a subject and a verb, it relies on an independent clause to
convey a full idea.
These questions and answers should help in understanding the different types of clauses and their functions within sentences.
Final Thought: Why Clauses matter
Mastering clauses is not just about grammar rules - it's about clarity, precision, and effective communication. Whether you're constructing a sentence or analyzing a passage, recognizing
what kind of clause you're dealing with helps you.
Build logical, well - structured responses in essays.
For learners in inclusive, supportive environments like English 4 Learners, understanding clauses empower students to express themselves clearly and confidently,
"To master clauses, first identify the subject and verb. Then determine whether the clause acts as a noun, adjective, or adverb. Regular practice will make clause identification easy in competitive exams."
Thousands of aspirants preparing for competitive exams and struggle with one subtle yet critical area:
Understanding the difference between active and passive voice.While both are used for building blocks of sentences, comprehension, and writing tasks - costing valuable marks. So, what exactly sets them apart?
Active and Passive Voice is one of the most important pillars of the English Grammar section for SSC CGL aspirants. At the same time, active and passive voice are not just exam topics—they
are widely used in our everyday communication. Therefore, understanding their rules is essential
not only for scoring well in competitive exams but also for improving your spoken and written English.
In this article, we will learn Active vs Passive Voice in a simple, exam-oriented way with rules, formulas, examples, and shortcut tricks. But before we begin,
as you do not have much time before
the exam, make a proper study plan
and revise the syllabus thoroughly before taking mock tests.
Here are some important topics for competitive exams. Revise them carefully, and if you have any doubts, consult your mentor.
In the above image, a person is drawing a picture.
In active voice: Subject does the action.
🧑💼 ✍️ 🖼️
Formula: Subject + Verb + Object
Subject: He
Verb: draws
Object: a picture.
Subject does the action.
What is passive voice?
In passive voice, the focus is on the action.
🖼️ ✍️ 🧑💼
Formula: Object + Verb + Subject
Object: A picture
Verb: is + drawn
Subject: by + him.
Subject receives the action.
You can easily understand through this image:
Always remember:
While changing into passive:
Most important (Don't skip)
Don't change the subject and the object, it only shifts from subject to object.
Transform only verb - change it according to tense
Write auxiliary verb according to subject + third form of the verb.
Master Active & Passive Voice 🎯 Write ✍️ Like a Pro
In this image, you observe that the third sentence," The children clapped merrily. "
Have you noticed that there is no object?
You cannot change it into passive voice.
Let's us know the reason:
Why don't you transform it into passive voice?
The main cause is - it has an intransitive verb.
There are two types of sentences:
Transitive: This kind of sentences require a direct object to receive the action.
For example: She writes an email. Here the verb "writes" and "an email " is a direct object. Without direct object the sentence in passive voice is not possible.
While intransitive verb does not require a direct object. It can stand alone and still convey the complete thought.
For example: "The baby crawls", here the verb "crawls" is an intransitive verb, and it doesn't need an object to make sense.
Direct and indirect objects are necessary in understanding transitive verbs. A direct object is the noun or pronoun that directly receives the action of the verb.
On the other hand, indirect object is the noun or pronoun that benefits from or is affected by the action.
For example:
👧 👨 🎁
She gave him a gift. (Active Voice)
You can transform it into passive voice in two ways:
🎁 👨 👧
A gift was given to him by her.
or
👨 🎁 👧
He was given a gift by her.
Here " a gift " is the direct object and "him" is the indirect object.
In this sentence a verb in the active voice takes two objects - a direct one (thing) and the indirect one (person).
Types of Voice:
Mainly there are two kinds of voice:
Active and Passive Voice, but there is one more that is " The Middle Voice ".
It is used when subject does the action on itself for its own interest. It often uses reflexive pronoun like myself, yourself, himself, ourselves, themselves etc.
For examples:
The middle voice is a grammatical voice that indicates the subject of the verb is both the doer and the receiver of the action, or that the action is reflexive or benefits the subject in some way. It is less common in English than in other languages like Greek or Sanskrit, where it is more explicitly marked. However, some examples in English can give a sense of how the middle voice functions:
1. The door opened.
Here, the door is both the thing that opens and the thing being opened.
The subject “the door” is involved in the action without an external agent explicitly mentioned.
2. The book reads well.
In this sentence, the book is the subject and is passively involved in the action of reading, suggesting it is easy or enjoyable to read.
3. She dresses quickly.
This implies she is dressing herself, where the action reflects back on
the subject.
The middle voice often involves reflexive or intransitive verbs, where the subject is performing an action that directly affects themselves.
In English, the middle voice can be expressed in various ways, often using reflexive pronouns (e.g., “He washed himself”), but it can also be implied through context and the structure of
the sentence as shown in the examples.
Difference Between Active vs. Passive Voice
🎯Master English, Express Better!
While changing active voice to passive voice, always keep in mind:
You change the word order
Change the verb
👉The delivery boy sends an OTP. (Active Voice)
👉An OTP is sent by the delivery boy. (Passive Voice)
Here, (Object becomes Subject) while changing active voice to passive voice.
👉Verb: Sends becomes "is sent" (be + past participle).
👉Subject becomes Agent: "The delivery boy" moves to an end, introduced by "by".
Cracking the Code: Active vs. Passive Voice for Competitive Exams
Active Voice
The structure of active voice: (Revise the structure)
Subject + Verb + Object
Learn difference between active and passive voice through visual image because visual image never fade away from our mind.
Passive Voice
Subject + auxiliary verb + past participle.
The tense of the verb changes, but the meaning remains the same.
Struggling to remember,' Active & Passive Voice'?
Don't worry,
Follow this simple and consistent strategy,and understanding Active and Passive Voice will become much easier.
Points to remember:
Omit "by + Subject" when the doer is unknown and unimportant.
For instance:
Someone delivered the parcel. (Active Voice)
The parcel was delivered. (Passive Voice)
Explanation: Words such as (Someone, Somebody, everybody, people and everyone) are indefinite subjects, that is why "by someone" is generally omitted as the doer is either unknown or unimportant.
Know the Basic Rule to Identify the Subject and the Object:
The teacher explained the chapter.(Active Voice)
The chapter was explained by the teacher. (Passive Voice)
Here,
👩🏫
the teacher: doer (Subject)
📖
the chapter: the receiver of the action (Object)
🎯Main difference
Master the Difference: Why Active & Passive Voice Matters for Your SSC CGL Success
Active Voice
Focuses on who performs the action:
Who did the action?
The teacher 👩🏫
Passive Voice
Focuses on:
What happened to the receiver of the action.
📖
The chapter was explained by the teacher.
Basic Pattern
Active Voice: Someone does something.
👩🏫 ✍️ 📔
The teacher + writes + on the notebook.
Here, the
Passive Voice: Something is done by someone.
📔 ✍️ 👩🏫
The notebook is written on by the teacher.
Note: The sentence "The teacher writes on the notebook." has no direct object.
Therefore, it becomes," The notebook is written on by the teacher", where the
preposition "on" remains with the verb.
Easy Trick to Remember:
Active Voice: The subject performs the action.
Passive Voice: The subject receives or is affected by the action.
Let's know the difference between active and passive voice through this visual flowchart:
Let's know how pronoun change from subject to object:
While transforming sentences from active to passive, we have to be cautious
about the use of personal pronouns:
I told her about the latest news.
(Subject form of the pronoun " I ")
She was told about the latest news by me.
(Object form of the pronoun " I ")
Let's take another example:
👴
Your grandfather gave us some 📚storybooks. (Active Voice)
📚
Some story books were given to us by your grandfather. (Passive Voice)
📚
Here, "Some storybooks" becomes the subject, "were given" is the passive verb phrase,
and "to us by your grandfather" identifies the subject.
Active Voice:
Your grandfather gave us some storybooks.
Here:
Subject: Your grandfather
Indirect object: us (recipient)
Direct object: some storybooks (thing given)
The verb "give" takes two objects.
When changing to the passive, you have two possible passive sentences:
We were given some storybooks by your grandfather. ✅
Here, us becomes the subject, so it changes to "we".
Some storybooks were given to us by your grandfather. ✅
Here, "some storybooks" becomes the subject.
"Us" remains after the preposition to, so it stays in the objective case (us).
Why doesn't "us" change in the second sentence?
Because "us" is no longer the subject. It is the object of the preposition "to."
Let's Compare:
We were given some storybooks. ✅ (Subject → subjective pronoun)
Some storybooks were given to us. ✅ (Object of preposition → objective pronoun)
Rule to remember
If the pronoun becomes the subject in the passive voice, use the subject form:
me → I
us → we
him → he
her → she
them → they
If the pronoun remains an object (usually after to or for), do not change it:
to me
to us
to him
to her
to them
This is why
"Some storybooks were given to us by your grandfather." is correct. ✔️
"Some storybooks were given to we." is incorrect.❌
Subject - Object Pronoun Transformation Chart:
Here's a simple chart that illustrates the conversion between subject pronouns and object pronouns in English:
Subject Pronouns change into Object Pronouns
I → Me
You → You
He → Him
She → Her
It → It
We → Us
They → Them
Subject pronouns are used as the subject of a sentence, while object pronouns are used as the object of a verb or preposition.
Pronoun rule in Active → Passive
If the pronoun becomes the subject of the passive sentence, use the subject form: I, we, he, she, they.
If the pronoun remains an object (after a verb or a preposition such as to/for/by), keep the object form: me, us, him, her, them.
Let's us know how pronouns change from subject to object through the following visual image, because visual things never fade away from our mind.
If the subject is he, she, it, or a singular noun (like the principal or Nitin), the simple present tense MUST add an "-s" to the verb.
Tense-wise Active to Passive Voice Rules
Mastering Voice Conversion: A
Step - by - Step Guide for All Competitive Exams
Transformation from the Active voice to the Passive Voice:
As you know only eight types of tenses can be transformed from Active to Passive.
They are as follows:
Simple Present
Present Progressive
Present Perfect
Simple Past
Past Progressive
Past Perfect
Simple Future (will/shall)
Going to (Future Tense - is/am/are going to + verb)
Future Perfect
Note: Although this list contains nine forms, the 'going to ' future is not a separate tense.It is a future construction. Usually, grammar books often mention eight tenses can be changed into passive voice, while 'going to' future additional passive construction.
Point to remember
The following cannot be changed into the passive voice:
Present Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous
Future Continuous
Future Perfect Continuous
First and foremost, let's know the structure of active and passive voice:
Active Voice:
In active voice, the subject performs the action of the verb. This is the most common and direct way to write in English.
Key Structural Differences:
Active Voice: Subject + Verb + Object
Passive Voice: Object (becomes subject)
+ Helping Verb (be) + Past Participle + by + Original Subject (optional)
Structure:
Active Voice
Subject + Verb + Object
She + writes + a notice.
👧 ✍️ 🪧
It is an example of present indefinite tense.
Passive Voice:
In passive voice, the subject receives the action.
🪧 + ✍️ + 👧
A notice + is written + by her.
Object + Verb + Subject
Structure: Object + Auxiliary Verb + Past Participle (third form of the verb) + by + Subject
Basic Rules for Changing Active Voice into Passive Voice
Move the object of the active voice (sentence) to the subject position in the passive sentence.
Change the main verb to its Past Participle (third form of the verb) form.
Use the appropriate auxiliary verb based on the tense.
Add the preposition "by" before the new object (the agent doing the action), if it is necessary.
Point to Remember: If the doer is unknown, obvious, or unimportant,
the phrase "by + agent"is usually
omitted.
For example:
Someone took my backpack. (Active Voice)
My backpack was taken. (Passive Voice)
Here, the subject 'Someone' is an indefinite pronoun. When the doer is unknown, unimportant, or obvious, we usually omit ' by + agent' in the passive voice.
SSC Rule to Remember
When the active sentence has an indefinite subject such as:
people
somebody
everybody
anyone
everyone
somebody
someone
the phrase 'by +agent' is generally omitted in the passive voice unless there is a special reason to mention the doer.
Active to Passive Voice Rules for SSC CGL Aspirants:
Let's first revise the basic rules of active and passive voice in the following image:
Present Tense
Simple Present Tense
Active Voice
Root form of the verb, sometimes with "s"or "es"
Simple Present: Writes / Write (Is / Am / Are + Written)
Subject + V1(e/es) + Object
Passive Voice
Object + is/am/are + V3 + by + Subject
Example of Indefinite Tense:
Active Voice
My grandmother reads Ramayana every day.
Passive Voice
Ramayana is read by my grandmother every day.
First of all, identify the parts
Subject: She
Verb: reads (simple present tense)
Object: Ramayana
Adverb: every day
👉 Here is only one object, so only one passive form.
✅ Passive Voice
Ramayana is read by her every day.
Step-by-step change
Ramayana (object) will change into (subject)
reads (simple present) becomes (is read)
she (subject) changes into (her)
every day remains same (Adverb Placement does not change)
General Rule (From Active To Passive Voice)
Structure
Subject + V¹ / V² + Object
Object + is / am / are / was / were + V³ + by + subject
Tense Rule (Simple Present)
V¹ / V¹+s → is / am / are + V³
Singular object → is
Plural object → are
Important Rule (Proper Noun as Object)
Even if the object is a book / holy text / proper noun,
Another example:
He writes a message immediately. (Active Voice)
A message is written immediately by him. (Passive Voice)
or
A message is immediately written by him.
Here, you see that object becomes subject," A message "moves to the front.
Explanation:
Object becomes Subject: A message moves to the beginning of the sentence.
Verb Tense: writes (Simple Present) will change into 'by him'.
Subject becomes Agent: he → by him.
Adverb Placement: The adverb immediately usually remains in the same or is placed near the verb.
👉Verb Tense: "Writes":(Simple Present Tense) becomes " is written"(be + past participle).
Subject becomes Agent: "he" changes to " by him ".
Adverb Placement: "immediately" will not change and will be placed at the end or near the verb.
Learn grammar through visuals -
Present Continuous Tense
Present Continuous:
Active Voice
Is / Am / Are + Writing
Passive Voice
Is / Am / Are + Being+ Written
My grandmother is reading Ramayana.
(Active Voice)
Form of the verb:
is/am/are + Present Participle
(First form of the verb + ing)
Ramayana is being read by my grandmother. (Passive Voice)
is/am/are + being + Past Participle
(Third form of the verb)
Another example:
He is writing a message. (Active Voice)
A message is being written by him. (Passive Voice)
Object + is + being + V3
Present Perfect Tense
Rule:
Subject + have/ has + past participle +object.
has/have + been + Past Participle form of the verb
My grandmother has read Ramayana. (Active Voice)
Form of the verb:
has/have + Past Participle
Ramayana has been read by my grandmother. (Passive Voice)
Form of the verb:
has/have + been + Past Participle form of the verb
Another example
He has written a message. (Active Voice)
A message has been written by him. (Passive Voice)
Past Tense
Simple Past Tense
Active: Wrote
Passive: Was / Were + Written
My grandmother read Ramayana yesterday. (Active Voice)
Second form of the verb - read
Ramayana was read by my grandmother yesterday. (Passive Voice)
was/were + third form of the verb (read)
Another example
He wrote a message last week. (Active Voice)
A message was written by him last week. (Passive Voice)
Past Continuous Tense
Active: Was / Were + Writing
Passive: Was / Were + Being+ Written
My grandmother was reading Ramayana. (Active Voice)
was/were + Present Participle (First form + ing)
Ramayana was being read by my grandmother.
was/were + being + Past Participle (Third Form)
Another example
He was writing a message. (Active Voice)
A message was being written by him. (Passive Voice)
Past Perfect Tense
My grandmother had read Ramayana last month. (Active Voice)
Had + Past participle
Ramayana had been read by my grandmother. (Passive Voice)
Had + been + Past participle
Another example
He had written a message before. (Active Voice)
A message had been written by him before. (Passive Voice)
Future Tense
Simple Future Tense
My grandmother will read Ramayana in the evening. (Active Voice)
shall/ will + root form of the verb
Ramayana will be read by my grandmother in the evening. (Passive Voice)
shall be/ will be + Past Participle form of the verb
Another example
He will write a message. (Active Voice)
A message will be written by him. (Passive Voice)
Going to (Future Tense)
My grandmother is going to read Ramayana. (Active Voice
is going to + first form of the verb
Ramayana is going to be read by my grandmother. ( Passive Voice)
is going to be + past participle
Another example
He is going to write a message. (Active Voice)
A message is going to be written by him. (Passive Voice)
Future Perfect Tense
My grandmother will have read Ramayana before the end of the month. (Active Voice)
will/shall+ have been + past participle form of the verb
Ramayana will have been read by my grandmother before the end of the month. (Passive Voice)
will /shall + have been + past participle form of the verb
Another example
He will have written a message by Saturday. (Active Voice)
A message will have been written by him by Saturday. (Passive Voice)
Note: Here are two " by "
by him = shows the doer (agent).
by Saturday = shows the time limit (deadline).
So the correct passive voice is:
A message will have been written by him by Saturday.✅
If the agent ("him") is not important or is obvious from the context, you may omit it:
A message will have been written by Saturday. ✅
Both are grammatically correct, but they convey slightly different meanings:
A message will have been written by him by Saturday. → Emphasizes that he will write it.
shall be/ will be + Past Participle form of the verb
A message will have been written by Saturday. → Emphasizes only that the message will be completed by Saturday, without mentioning who writes it.
For SSC CGL and other competitive exams, if the active sentence contains the subject and there is no reason to omit it, writing "by him" is perfectly acceptable.
Modal Verbs in Passive Voice:
Don't just read grammar - see it,
understand it and remember it forever.
Modals in Passive Voice
Rule
A modal auxiliary verb is used in the active voice remains unchanged in the passive voice.
Common modal verbs are as follows:
can
could
may
shall
might
would
should
shall
must
ought to
Structure
Active Voice: Sub + Modal + V1 +Obj
Passive Voice: Obj + Modal + be + V3 +by + Sub
Example:
He should forward an email to his boss. (Active Voice)
An email should be forwarded to his boss by him. (Passive Voice)
Explanation:
An email becomes the new subject.
Modal "should" remains unchanged.
Forward changes "to be forwarded.
He changes to "by him".
Modal that is used in active voice always remain intact in the passive voice.
Rules of Active and Passive Voice
If there is modal auxiliaries in the active voice, the passive voice can be transformed as follows:
Can you solve this puzzle? (Active Voice)
Can this puzzle be solved by you? (Passive Voice)
Note: Can remains unchanged. We only add be before the past participle(solved).
Structure:
Rule to Remember:
Active Voice
The Modal Auxiliary + root form of the verb
Passive Voice
The Modal auxiliary + be + past participle form of the verb
Let's explore some more examples of "can", "must", "may", "should", "ought to" and "would" in the following image:
Points to remember:
"Modal Auxiliary Verbs" never change in the passive voice.
Only the sentence structure changes.
Add be after the modal.
change the main verb to its past participle.
Use by + agent only when necessary.
Keeping these points in mind, try to convert the following sentences into passive voice in the following image:
More examples of Modal Verbs are as follows:
We should obey our elders. (Active Voice)
Our elders should be obeyed by us.(Passive Voice)
Modal auxiliary + be + third form of the verb.
Here, form of the verb is the same as that of a verb in the simple future tense.
He could not play any outdoor game. (Active Voice)
No outdoor game could be played by him. (Passive Voice)
or
He could not play any outdoor games.
(Passive Voice)
This type of questions commonly asked in grammar exams like SSC CGL.
Formula
Modal + V¹ → Modal + be + V³
Examples:
can write → can be written
should complete → should be completed
must finish → must be finished
could play → could be played
ought to obey → ought to be obeyed
SSC CGL Exam Tip 💡
Questions based on modal verbs in passive voice are frequently asked in
SSC CGL, SSC CHSL, CPO, MTS, and other competitive examinations.
Always remember this shortcut:
Modal = No Change
Add "be" + V³
Object becomes Subject
This single rule helps you solve almost every passive voice question involving modal verbs accurately.
Visual Learning helps you to learn faster and remember longer.
Imperative, Interrogative, and Negative Sentences in Passive Voice
Imperative Sentences
Active Voice: Close the door.
Passive Voice: Let the door be closed.
Explanation: Imperative sentences in passive voice often use the structure
"Let + object + be + past participle."
May I use your mobile? (Active Voice)
May your mobile be used by me? (Passive Voice)
The active sentence is:
Active: Please give me a glass of lukewarm water.
This is a request, so there are multiple acceptable passive-like transformations depending on the style.
1. Most natural and commonly accepted
You are requested to give me a glass of lukewarm water. ✅
Sometimes in exams, the examiners ask to change the passive by using "Let".
Please give me a glass of lukewarm water.
Let me be given a glass of lukewarm water.
You are requested to give me a glass of lukewarm water.
The "Let me be given..." form is also grammatically correct and is often accepted while converting imperative sentences into the passive voice.
Interrogative Sentences
Active Voice: Did the artist paint the portrait?
Passive Voice: Was the portrait painted by the artist?
Explanation: In passive interrogative sentences, start with the auxiliary verb "was," followed by the subject ("the portrait") and past participle of the main verb ("painted"). The phrase "by the artist" indicates the doer of the action.
Interrogative Sentences
Questions starting with "Who" change to "By whom" in the passive voice.
Active: Who wrote this?
Passive: By whom was this written?
Are they singing a melodious song? (Active Voice)
Is a melodious song being sung by them? (Passive Voice)
Here, "melodious song" becomes (object) becomes the subject, and "them" (subject) becomes the agent. The present continuous form" are singing" changes to " is being sung"
to show the action is in progress. Sentence remains interrogative by starting with " is ".
Active Voice: Did the artist paint the portrait?
Passive Voice: Was the portrait painted by the artist?
Explanation: In passive interrogative sentences, start with the auxiliary verb "was," followed by the subject ("the portrait") and past participle of the main verb ("painted"). The phrase "by the artist" indicates the doer of the action.
Have/has + subject + past participle + (object)?
Has he played video games? (Active Voice)
Have video games been played by him. (Passive Voice)
Active Voice (Negative Sentences)
He did not forward an email to his boss.
Identify the parts🔍
Subject: He
Verb: did not forward (simple past - negative)
Object: an email
Prepositional phrase: to his boss
👉 Only one object, so only one passive form.
✅ Passive Voice
An email was not forwarded to his boss by him.
Step-by-step change
an email (object) changes into subject
did not forward (V²) changes into was forwarded (was + V³)
he becomes by him
to his boss remains unchanged
👉 General Rule (Active → Passive)
Structure
Subject + V² + Object
Object + was / were + not + V³ + by + subject
Tense Rule (Simple Past- Negative)
did not forward (Active Voice)
was not forwarded (Passive Voice)
For singular subject always use "was".
Active Voice: The team did not complete the project.
Passive Voice: The project was not completed by the team.
Explanation: For negative sentences in the passive voice, the auxiliary verb "was" is followed by "not" to maintain the negation. The main verb "complete" changes to "completed" (past participle).
She did not appoint anyone. (Active Voice)
Exam Tip:
When an active sentence contains "not...any", it is often better to change
it to "no" in the passive:
Some other examples to clarify the doubt
We did not celebrate any festivals.
No festivals were celebrated by us.
My friend cannot solve any puzzle.
No puzzle can be solved by my friend
Double Object Conversion:
Ditransitive verbs take two objects:
Direct object
Indirect object
In case, there are two forms in the passive voice, it is known as ditransitive verbs in active voice.
For example:
Mr. Rao teaches us Ancient History. (Active Voice)
1. Ancient History is taught by Mr. Rao. (Passive Voice)
Or
2. We are taught Ancient History by Mr. Rao. (Passive Voice)
Suppose if the sentence is:
Mr Rao teaches Ancient History.
Then, "teach" is a mono transitive.
Now the question is:
why?
Because it has only one object.
But if the sentence is:
Mr. Rao teaches us Ancient History.
Here, "us" is the indirect object and "Ancient History" is direct object.
This sentence is the appropriate example of di-transitive.
Another example:
The manager elected Raman a representative.(Active Voice)
Raman was elected a representative by the manager. (Passive Voice)
1. Raman was elected a representative by the manager. ✅
2. A representative was elected for Raman by the manager. ❌
(Not acceptable as a passive transformation of the original sentence.)
In standard English grammar, only the first passive is considered correct. The noun "a representative" is not an independent direct object; it is an object complement describing Raman.
Therefore, it cannot normally become the subject of a passive sentence.
Rule
When a sentence has an object + object complement (e.g., elect, appoint, make, call, name, choose), the object becomes the subject in the passive, while the object complement remains after the verb.
Examples:
They appointed him captain.
He was appointed captain. ✅
We called her intelligent.
She was called intelligent. ✅
The manager elected Raman a representative.
Raman was elected a representative by the manager. ✅
There is only one standard passive form, not two.
Don't get confused, while changing the sentence into passive voice:
The manager elected Raman a representative.
Many learners think Raman and a representative are two objects.
Raman = Direct Object
a representative = Object Complement (it tells us what Raman was elected as)
You can verify this by asking:
Whom did the manager elect? → Raman ✅
What did the manager elect? → You cannot answer "a representative" alone. ❌
Compare this with a sentence having two genuine objects:
The teacher gave me a book.
Here:
me = Indirect Object
a book = Direct Object
So, it has two passive forms:
1. I was given a book by the teacher. ✅
2. A book was given to me by the teacher. ✅
But here in the sentence, a "representative" is not an object; it is an object complement.
Therefore, only one passive is possible:
Raman was elected a representative by the manager. ✅
This distinction—double object vs. object + object complement—is very important for SSC CGL voice conversion questions.
Some words can be mono and di transitive.
Let's us understand those words that have both: 1. Mono 2. Di - transitive
Take
Teach
Give
Write
Promise
Bring
Make
Get
Show
Offer
Verbs That Cannot Be Transformed into Passive Voice
1. Future Continuous Tense
As we know, we cannot convert Future Continuous Tense into Passive.
Example:
They will be playing football.
❌ No passive voice.
2. Verbs That Do Not Form Passive Construction Naturally:
resemble
belong
look
have (possession)
However:
have (possession), resemble, belong, lack normally do not form natural passive constructions.
3. "Look at the blackboard."
Look at the blackboard.
You are requested to look at the blackboard.
⚠️ This is not the passive voice of the original sentence.
The original sentence is an imperative with an intransitive verb ("look" has no direct object here).
Its passive cannot be formed directly.
"You are requested to look at the blackboard." is a different sentence,
not a passive transformation.
4. Verbs of movement
Examples:
He went home.
She arrived early.
The baby fell.
The old man died.
These are intransitive verbs, so no passive voice is possible.
5. Verbs showing possession
Verbs: No Passive is Possible
belong ❌ No passive.
consist of ❌ No passive.
Verbs: Passive is Possible.
contain Passive is possible.
The box contains books.
50 chocolates are contained in the box. (Grammatically correct though uncommon.)
comprise ✔️ Passive is possible.
The team comprises ten members.
Ten members are comprised by the team. (Rare and not preferred.)
own ✔️ Passive is possible.
She owns a bungalow.
The bungalow is owned by her.
So "own", "contain", and "comprise" should not be listed as verbs that cannot form the passive.
6. Verbs of perception
see
hear
prefer
notice
recognize
taste
smell
Examples:
I saw him.
He was seen by me. ✔️
We heard the noise.
The noise was heard by us. ✔️
Everyone recognized her.
She was recognized by everyone. ✔️
The police noticed the mistake.
The mistake was noticed by the police. ✔️
Even:
The soup tasted delicious.
Here taste is a linking verb, so no passive.
I tasted the soup. → The soup was tasted by me. ✔️
Example:
Many people prefer tea.
Tea is preferred by many people. ✔️
7. Intransitive verbs
No object → No passive.
Examples:
They were working hard. ❌
He slept well. ❌
She smiled. ❌
The children laughed in the evening. ❌
He slept peacefully. ❌
These are unquestionably intransitive.
Suggested rule for SSC Candidates
A sentence can be changed into the passive voice only if the verb is transitive (i.e., it has a direct object).
Some transitive verbs (such as own, contain, believe, prefer, see, hear, recognize, love, trust, want) can form passive constructions, though some are uncommon in everyday English.
Intransitive verbs (go, come, die, arrive, fall, sleep, laugh, etc.) and certain verbs like belong,resemble, consist of, and have (possession) normally do not form passive voice.
As we know, we cannot convert "Future Continuous Tense" into "Passive".
Verbs like think, remember, feel, look, appear, have, has etc.
I have a pet dog.🐶
A pet dog is had by me.❌ (Incorrect)
Verbs in general like look, refuse, appear, resemble, require, hope, seem, become etc.
Look at the blackboard.
You are requested to look at the blackboard.
Verbs of movement cannot be converted into passive voice like fall, go, die, come, arrive etc.
They went to the library before exams.
❌ no (passive voice)
For example:
You want a chocolate. (Active)
A chocolate is wanted by you. (Passive – grammatically correct, but very unnatural
in everyday English.)
Similarly:
Everyone loved the performance.
The performance was loved by everyone. ✔️
People believe the story.
The story is believed (by people). ✔️
They trust him.
He is trusted by them. ✔️
However, some stative verbs are normally not used in the passive because they do
not sound natural in ordinary English, for example:
have (possession)
resemble
belong (already intransitive, so no passive)
lack
Stative verbs (such as believe, love, like, trust, want, wish, etc.) can often be changed into the passive if they take a direct object. However, the passive form is frequently less natural than the active form and is therefore used less often. Some stative verbs (e.g., belong, resemble, lack) do not normally form
a passive voice.
So, "A chocolate is wanted by you" is grammatically correct but stylistically unnatural, not incorrect. This distinction is important, especially for SSC CGL and other competitive exams, where the focus is on grammatical correctness rather than everyday usage.
He resembles his grandfather.
His grandfather is resembled by him. ❌
The sentence does not convey the meaning if you change active sentence into passive voice.
Mastering Active and Passive Voice: Avoid These Common Mistakes
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Avoid These Common Mistakes - And How to Fix Them Fast
While changing passive voice, you neglect the rules and consequently, you do silly mistakes:
1. He will complete the project tomorrow.
( Active Voice )
The project would be completed by him tomorrow. ❌ (Incorrect )
In passive voice "will" = remains as it is.
The correct answer is:.
The project will be completed by him tomorrow. ✔️ (Correct )
2. Somebody stole my bunch of keys yesterday.
My bunch of keys were stolen yesterday.❌ (Incorrect)
The correct answer will be:
My bunch of keys was stolen yesterday.✔️(Correct)
3. This bag contains 30 chocolates.
30 chocolates are contained this bag. ❌(Incorrect)
30 chocolates are contained in this bag. ✔️ (Correct)
4. They are looking into the matter seriously.
The matter is looked into by them seriously.(Incorrect)❌
The correct answer will be:
The matter is being looked into by them. ✔️(Correct)
5. The invigilator gave me an answer sheet to write.
I was given an answer sheet write with by the invigilator.❌ (Incorrect)
The correct answer will be:
I was given an answer sheet to write by the invigilator. ✔️(Correct)
6. May I come in?
Am me allowed to come in? ❌ (Incorrect)
Am I allowed to come in? ✔️(Correct)
7. I did not ask anyone.
Anyone was not asked by me. ❌(incorrect)
Nobody was asked by me. ✔️(correct)
8. They know him.
He is known by them. ❌(Incorrect)
He is known to them. ✔️(correct)
9. Her conduct surprise everyone.
Everyone is surprised by her conduct. ❌(Incorrect)
Everyone is surprised at her conduct. ✔️(Correct)
10. People fly kites on Independence Day.
On Independence Day kites are flow by people. ❌(Incorrect)
On Independence Day kites are flown by people. ✔️(correct)
Quick Tips to Avoid Errors
Use passive when the action matters more than the doer.
Double check your past participles.
Practice converting between active and passive confidently.
Mastering these nuances boosts your grammar accuracy and strengthens your exam performance.
SSC CGL Previous Year Pattern & Exam Tips
SSC CGL: Active & Passive Voice - High Yield Notes
Most Important Question Types
SSC CGL, CHSL, CPO, MTS, GD and other Government exams commonly ask:
Active to Passive
Passive to Active
Interrogative sentences
Imperative (commands, advice, requests)
Sentences with modal verbs
Progressive (continuous) tenses
Verbs with prepositions
Infinitive structures
Sentences with two objects
Interrogative Sentences
Rule
If the active sentence begins with Do/Does/Did, the passive structure is:
Did they win the concert?
Was the concert won by them?
The form of the verb in passive voice is:
is/am/are or was/ were + third form of the verb.
If the question in the active voice is in the Simple Present/Past; the Wh-Word is followed by do/does/did, the passive form of the verb is; is/am/are/was/were + third form of the verb.
Important rule
"Who" changes into "By whom"
"Whom" changes into "Who"
Who teaches you at home?(Active Voice )
By whom are you taught at home? (Passive Voice)
Whom did you ask to go? (Active Voice)
Who was asked by you to go (Passive Voice)
When a verb has two objects, either objects can become the subject.
He gave his teacher a Parker pen.(Active Voice)
Here, are two objects
Passive Voice
1. A Parker pen was given to his teacher by him.
2. His teacher was given a Parker pen by him.
But in the following example, there is only one object.
Who teaches you in coaching?
(Active Voice )
By whom are you taught in coaching?
(Passive Voice)
Whom did you ask?
Who was asked by you?
Progressive Tense Trap:
Remember to keep the preposition.
For example
The spectators were laughing at the clown.(Active Voice)
The clown was being laughed at by them.(Passive Voice)
Need + V - ing
SSC frequently asks this pattern:
My beard needs trimming.(Active Voice)
My beard needs to be trimmed.(Passive Voice)
This house needs brooming.(Active Voice)
This house needs to be broomed. (Passive Voice)
Imperative, Commands & Suggestions
Advice, commands and requests are asked in competitive exams.
When the verbs expressing advice, command or request, use the verb "Let"
followed by the Passive Infinitive without "to", the form of the verb in the
passive voice is:
Let + be + third form of the verb.
Place the subject between "Let" and "be" after then use third form of the verb.
For example
Type this notice to circulate.
Let this notice be typed to circulate.
Stand up.
You are ordered to stand up.
Kindly go through the grammar notes.
You are requested to go through the grammar notes.
SSC usually tests passive forms where the verbs takes a preposition other than " by".
Fixed Preposition (satisfied with)
My parents are satisfied with my performance.
Fixed Preposition (knocked at)
The main gate was being knocked at by the guests.
Fixed Preposition (pleased with)
The instructor was pleased with my performance.
Fixed Preposition (known to)
I am known to her.
Fixed Preposition (contain in)
Contaminated water is contained in this jug.
Sentences With Modal Verbs:
The form of the verb is the same as that of a verb in the Simple Future Tense
Modal auxiliary+ be + third form of the verb.
She can explain this chapter perfectly.
(Active Voice)
This chapter can be explained by her perfectly. (Active Voice)
You ought to respect our elders.(Active Voice)
Our elders ought to be respected by you.
(Passive Voice)
May I have your mobile number? ( Active Voice)
Could your mobile number be given to me?
Sentences With Infinitive Structure:
Conversion of voice is made only through the change in Infinitive
(to + be + third form of the verb) and the main verb is not changed.
For example:
Young girls like to play with dolls.
To play with dolls is liked by young girls.
It is necessary to call his parents.
It is necessary for his parents to be called.
A pen is to write with.
A pen is used for writing.
Exam Tips and Tricks to Crack SSC CGL
Learn the passive structures of all tenses.
Memorize Modal + be + V3.
Remember Who converts into By whom and Whom will change into Who
Never omit preposition (at, with, to, on etc.)
Practice verbs with two objects ( give, teach, ask, offer, tell, send )
Pay attention to imperative and continuous tense questions - they frequently appear in competitive exams.
These pattern cover majority of Active and Passive questions asked in SSC CGL, CHSL, CPO and other Government exams.
Generally multiple-choice questions are asked but sometimes such type of questions also asked:
Read the instructions given below, then complete the passage by choosing correct answer from the options given below the passage:
Question 1
Take a metro train pass form.
Paste your photo on it.
Fill up your particulars - name, email, home address and mobile number etc.
Submit it to the office. Deposit the fare, collect the receipt. Show the receipt
to the concerned officer and collect your pass.
The process of getting a metro train pass issued is quite simple. First of all, a metro train pass form is taken and a photo of mine (a)..... on it. Then all the particulars such as name, email, home address and mobile number etc. (b).......After that it (c)...... to the office. Then it ..... (d) to the concerned officer and deposit the fare (e)....... and receipt........
(a) (i) is affixed (ii) are affixed (iii) were affixed
(b) (i) is filled up (ii) was filled up (iii) are filled up
(c) (i) is given (ii) was given (iii) are given
(d) (i) was deposited (ii) are deposited (iii) is deposited
(e) (i) is collected (ii) was collected (iii) were collected
Answers
(a) is affixed
(b) are filled up
(c) is given
(d) is taken
(e) is collected
Question 2
Put a cup of water in an empty container.
Light the gas burner. Place the pan on the stove to boil the water. Add some sugar to boiling water. Turn off the gas burner. Take an empty cup. Put a spoonful of coffee powder. Stir the mixture. Add milk and some chocolate flavour.
For preparing a cup of hot coffee, water is poured in an empty vessel. After lightening the gas burner, the pan (a) ....... on the stove to boil the water. Then some sugar(b)....... After water has boiled, the gas burner is turned off. An empty cup (c)....... and a spoonful of coffee powder (d)....... in it. Finally, milk
and some chocolate flavour (e).......... as desired.
(a) (i) are placed (ii) were placed (iii) is placed
(b) (i) has added (ii) is added (iii) are added
(c) (i) will be taken (ii) are taken (iii) is taken
(d) (i) is placed (ii) are placed (iii) was placed
(e) (i) are added (ii) is added (iii) to be added
Answers
(a) is placed
(b) is added
(c) is taken
(d) is placed
(e) are added
Practice Paper to Ace SSC CGL Easily
Choose the correct option:
He appointed Prabha class representative.
Prabha is appointed class representative by him.
Prabha was appoint class representative by him.
Prabha was appointed class representative by him.
Ans: Prabha was appointed class representative by him.
Has the maid broken the bone china cup?
Has the Bone China cup broken by the maid?
Has the Bone China cup been broken by the maid?
Has been the Bone China broken by the maid?
Ans: Has the Bone China cup been broken by the maid?
Please do join us for brunch.
You are requested to join us for brunch.
You are invited to come for brunch.
You are suggested to join us for brunch.
Ans: You are requested to join us for brunch.
Have you seen my charger?
Have my charger been seen by you?
Has my charger been seen by you?
Had my charger been seen by you?
Ans: Has my charger been seen by you?
Who wrote the novel," A Noble Name"?
By whom had the novel, " A Noble Name " written?
By whom was the novel, "A Noble Name" written?
By whom was the novel, "A Noble Name" wrote?
Ans: By whom was the novel," A Noble Name" written?
Who are you going to invite to the housewarming party?
By whom is going to be invited to the housewarming party?
Who is going to be invited to the housewarming party?
Whom are you going to invite to the housewarming party?
Ans: Whom are you going to invite to the housewarming party?
Note: 'Who ' changes into 'By whom' and 'Whom' into 'Who'.
May you live prosperous life!
May you lived a prosperous life.
May a prosperous life be lived by you.
May a prosperous life be live by you.
Ans: May a prosperous life be lived by you.
Did the spectators cheer the T20 team?
Had the T20 team cheered by the spectators?
Were the T20 team cheered by the spectators?
Was the T20 team cheered by the spectators?
Ans: Was the T20 team cheered by the spectators?
Are you playing with the fidgets?
Are the fidgets being played with by you?
Is the fidgets being played with by you?
Have the fidgets being played with by you?
Ans: Are the fidgets being played with by you?
Where did you buy this gadget?
Where had this gadget bought by you?
Where was this gadget buy by you?
Where was this gadget bought by you?
Ans: Where was this gadget bought by you?
Is he still chatting with his friend on the mobile phone?
Was his friend still chatted with on the mobile phone by him?
Is his friend still chatted with on the mobile phone by him?
Is his friend still being chatted with on the mobile phone by him?
Ans: Is his friend still being chatted with on the mobile phone by him?
How will you pack the return gifts for the function?
How will the return gifts to be packed for the function?
How will the return gifts be packed for the function (by you)?
How is the return gifts be packed for the function?
Ans: How will the return gifts be packed for the function (by you)?
Frequently Asked Questions About Active and Passive Voice
How do I convert an active sentence into passive without making mistakes?
Follow this simple pattern to convert an active sentence to passive:
Identify the object in the active sentence.
Move it to the subject position.
Add the appropriate form of be + past participle of the main verb.
Optionally, include the doer with by.
Example:
Active Voice: The preacher delivered a sermon.
Passive Voice: A sermon was delivered by the preacher.
What if the sentence has two objects? Can I make two passive sentences?
If a verb has two objects
1. direct object
2. indirect object
You can create two passive sentences.
For example:
She gave him a tablet. (Active Voice)
A tablet was given to him. (Passive Voice 1)
He was given a tablet. (Passive Voice 2)
Note: 'By her' is optional and should be used only when the doer is important.
Are there tenses that do not work in passive voice?
Passive voice is not possible with intransitive verbs because they do not take an object.
For instance, we cannot say "she was arrived." The verb 'arrive' has no object.
Other common intransitive verbs include go, sleep, occur, sleep, arrive, die and happen.
That is why, passive voice is generally formed only with transitive verbs.
How can I identify passive voice quickly during exams?
Look for forms of 'be' (is, am, are, was, were, been, being) followed by a past participle.
In passive voice, the receiver of the action comes first.
Practicing this pattern regularly will help you identify passive voice quickly and accurately in competitive exams.
English Grammar #Active Passive Voice #SSCEnglish #EnglishForCompetitiveExams
